Radiation detection apparatus

ABSTRACT

A radiation detection apparatus having a hand-held radiation detection probe with a switch assembly removably mounted thereon is hereinafter disclosed. The switch assembly having first and second switches, one to initiate transmission of electrical signals representing scintillations detected over a set time period to a remotely located control unit for counting and averaging, and the other to direct the control unit to download and preferably record the counted and averaged scintillation values for further use. The switch assembly has an insulating member for electrically insulating the switches from the probe, and spaced gripping members that releasably grip the probe. A movable stand is provided preferably with a holder for holding the probe. The probe can have a protective cover thereon with a switch assembly mounted onto the probe over the cover.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.10/338,954, filed Jan. 8, 2003, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 09/810,132, filed Mar. 16, 2001, now U.S. Pat. No.6,534,770, which is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No.09/177,636, filed Oct. 23, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,242,741, thedisclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference in theirentirety.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a radiation detection apparatus. Moreparticularly, the present invention relates to an apparatus fordetecting, quantizing and mapping radiation emitted from a scintillationfluid having gamma-emitting isotopes. The apparatus is battery operatedand has a hand-held probe for detecting radiation, and for transmittingelectrical signals that represent the detected radiation to a remoteunit to process the signals into information. The hand-held probe is ascintillation detector that has a switch assembly removably mounted onthe probe for initiating remotely electrical signals to a control unit.

The switch assembly has preferably two finger-operated triggers. Onetrigger initiates the count, and the other trigger directs the remoteunit to download, and preferably record, the counted scintillations oraveraged scintillation values for further use.

2. Description of the Prior Art

Procedures for detecting, quantizing and localizing or mappingcarcinomas in living beings are known. A radiation-emitting substance ispassed through a patient's body. Either a radiation detector device issecured to the patient's body, or a hand-held probe is held adjacent aseries of sites surrounding a suspected tumor. One procedure involvesinjecting a scintillation fluid containing, for example, technetium 99,in quadrants of the capillary system located about a site to determinewhether cancer has spread to the lymphatic system. Since fluid drainsfrom the injected area through the lymphatic system, the scintillationdetector allows identification and location of the sentinel node, thefirst lymph node draining the most scintillation fluid and emitting thehighest number of scintillations in the lymphatic drainage path from thetumor.

Heretofore, each radiation detecting, quantizing and mapping apparatushas been connected by hardwire to an electrical receptacle or has abattery that discharges during use. One conventional apparatus has afoot pedal connected to a remote unit to initiate counts. The foot pedaldoes not activate a downloading of counts, let alone during a presettime period. A second conventional apparatus has a built-in rechargeablebattery. This is disadvantageous since an extended time, usually four tosix hours, is required to recharge the battery. Since recharging cannotoccur during operation of the apparatus, should the battery requirerecharging during a procedure, the procedure must be stopped.

In addition, the apparatus has a hand-held probe and a remotely locatedcontrol unit. The probe was merely used for detecting emitted radiationfrom the patient's body and transmitting electric signals representingthe detected radiation to the control unit for processing. The controlunit has the controls for controlling various functions including takingcounts, setting the time period for taking timed counts, and initiatingthe taking of counts. These controls had to be activated solely at thecontrol unit. This is disadvantageous because to conduct the countingprocedure, the operator must hold and use the hand-held radiationdetection probe with one hand. With the other hand, the operator neededto reach the control unit and manipulate the controls. It is difficultto conduct both the detection and control manipulation simultaneously.Also, to do so results in difficulties in taking counts and, perhaps,inaccuracies in the counts. For example, while taking a scintillationcount, the probe must be precisely positioned over a selected site for aset period of time. It is difficult to maintain that precise positionwhile reaching to depress a count start button on the control unit.Movement of the probe during counting can create an inaccurate count.Since counting is repeated at different probe angle positions over thesame site and over different body sites, the difficulties andinaccuracies can be compounded. Therefore, it is desired to have animproved radiation detection apparatus that obviates or reduces suchdifficulties, inaccuracies and inefficiencies.

It is known to employ switches removably mounted on a handpiece. U.S.Pat. No. 5,304,763 discloses two or more finger-operated-switchesremovably mounted to a hand-held electrosurgical device. The switchescontrol the application, e.g., initiation and termination, of electricalenergy provided to the device. For example, one switch controls theapplication of energy to energize an electrode of the device for cuttingbody tissue. The other switch energizes a suction portion of the deviceto remove cut tissue from the body.

Heretofore, hand-held radiation detection probes and their cables havehad to be sterilized to be re-usable because they become contaminatedduring use. Sterilizing such hand-held detection devices prior to eachuse is expensive, time consuming and may require maintaining a largerthan necessary inventory of the probes and cables. It is desired to havean apparatus that obviates the need for sterilizing hand-held devices orprobes prior to their re-use. It would also be desired to have anapparatus that allows for the use of hand-operated switches mounted onthe hand-held device or probe during use, but permits removal from itduring sterilization of the device or probe.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to provide an improvedradiation detection apparatus that includes a hand-held radiationdetection probe with at least one switch removably mounted thereon.

It is another object of the present invention to provide such aradiation detection apparatus in which the one switch has a firsttrigger or button that remotely enables a counter in a control unit toaccumulate electrical signals representing radiation scintillationdetected over a set time period, and a second button that remotelydirects the control unit to ouput data regarding the countedscintillations.

It is still another object of the present invention to provide such aradiation detection apparatus that allows the operator to operate ahand-held probe, while simultaneously using the switches mounted on theprobe to control a remote control unit.

It is yet another object of the present invention to provide such aradiation detection apparatus in which the control unit is batteryoperated to provide total mobility of the control unit.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide such aradiation detection apparatus that has a removable, rechargeable batteryas its power source.

It is still a further object of the present invention to provide such animproved radiation detection apparatus that enables a hand-heldradiation detection probe to be reused without prior sterilization.

It is yet a further object of the present invention to provide such ahand-held radiation detection probe with a cover to protect the probefrom contamination during use, and to isolate electrically the switchfrom the hand-held probe.

It is still yet a further object of the present invention to providesuch an improved radiation detection apparatus that is removably mountedon a movable stand.

These and other objects of the present invention are achieved by aradiation detection apparatus comprising: means for counting ascintillation count value; means for outputting a scintillation countvalue to a utilization device; a hand-held probe including ascintillation detector; means for connecting the probe to the countmeans; first means removably positioned on the probe for, in a firststate, causing the count means to accumulate a scintillation count overa first period, and in a second state, causing the count means toaccumulate a scintillation count over a second period, the second periodbeing longer than the first period; and second means removablypositioned on the probe for causing, upon activation, the output meansto manifest an accumulated scintillation count from the count means.

The radiation detection apparatus can include means for displaying acount value of the count means. The display means responds to activationto the second state of the first means, by displaying a count valueaccumulated over the second period for a preset time period.

Preferably, activation of the second means is operative, only during thepreset time period, to cause the output means to manifest ascintillation count accumulated during the second period from thecounter means. Activation of the second means, at times other thanduring the preset time period, causes activation of any selected otherfunction of the control unit.

The radiation detection apparatus can include a movable stand having aholder for releasably mounting the probe on the stand.

The present invention also includes a hand-held radiation detectionprobe having a flexible removable protective covering thereover toprotect the probe from contamination during storage or use, and permitthe probe to be re-used without prior sterilization. Preferably, thecovering is a sheath.

The present invention may further include a hand-held radiationdetection probe having a switch assembly removably mounted thereon. Theswitch assembly has at least one switch, an insulating member forelectrically insulating said switch from said probe which is a saddleformed by a spaced, opposed pair of cooperative depending grippingmembers adapted to releasably grip said probe therebetween.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the radiation detectionapparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a top plan view, with portions broken away, of a preferredembodiment of the probe shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a top plan view, with portions broken away, of the probe shownin FIG. 2 without a switch mounted thereon and covered by a sheath;

FIG. 4 is a top plan view, with portions broken away, of the probe shownin FIG. 2 covered by a sheath and having a switch assembly mountedthereon;

FIG. 5 is a top plan view, with portions broken away, of the probe shownin FIG. 2 covered by a drape and with a switch assembly shown optionallymounted thereon;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of the removable switch assembly that ismounted on the probe shown in FIG. 2;

FIG. 7 is an exploded perspective view of the switch assembly shown inFIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a front view of the housing of the control unit of the presentinvention;

FIG. 9 is a front perspective view of a movable stand for mounting thecontrol unit of the radiation detection apparatus of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 10 is a rear perspective view, with portions broken away, of thecontrol unit and stand shown in FIG. 9.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Referring to the drawings and, in particular, FIG. 1, there is aschematic of a preferred embodiment of the radiation detection apparatusof the present invention, generally represented by reference number 10.Apparatus 10 includes a hand-held radiation detection device or probe50, and a control unit 100 connected to probe 50 by a suitableconnection, such as a flexible cable 12. Probe 50 includes a radiationdetector 52, a handle 54, and a shaft 56 that connects detector 52 tohandle 54. Detector 52 includes a crystal, such as a cadmium telluridecrystal, for detecting radiation, such as gamma protons, emitted from aradiation source in a patient's body. The radiation source is ascintillation fluid preferably containing technetium 99.

Probe 50 converts the detected scintillation radiation into electricalpulses that are amplified and transmitted through cable 12 to controlunit 100. Removably mounted to probe 50 is a switch assembly 70.Assembly 70 preferably has two switches 72, 74. Switches 72, 74 arepreferably push button switches.

Activation of switch 72 enables a count accumulator module 158,described below, to accumulate a scintillation count over a preset timeperiod, such as ten seconds. Otherwise, scintillation counts areaccumulated over succeeding one second periods. The scintillation pulsesdetected by probe 50 pass from the probe through cable 12 to a pulseshaping circuit 150 where the scintillation pulses are shaped. Theshaped pulses are fed to a discriminator 152 which passes pulses thatfall within an energy window that has been preset for technetium 99 byan energy window set 154. The pulses passed by discriminator 152 are fedto an audio unit 156 where they are broadcast to aid the probe operatorin positioning probe 50.

Pulses from discriminator 152 are also fed to a counter, for example acount accumulator module 158. Module 158 counts the scintillation pulsesand averages them, in the normal operational mode, over succeeding onesecond periods, or over a preset period, such as a ten second period, ifselected by the probe operator's activation of switch 72 instead ofpressing button 108 on control unit 100. The accumulated and averagedcount value is passed from count accumulator module 158 to a displayunit 160 that displays the averaged count value for each one secondperiod, or for the preset 10 second period.

Upon activation of switch 74 on probe 50, the accumulated and averagedcount value is also passed from module 158 through a download control162 and output to a terminal, here shown as output terminal 164. Outputterminal 164 can be connected to a utilization device, such as arecorder 166. Output terminal 164 may also be connected, directly orremotely, to a computer 168. Computer 168 can be, for example, apersonal computer, laptop, or other computing device, for storage andmanipulation of the output data.

The electronic signals sent by control unit 100 to computer 168represents the ten second count frozen and shown on display 160. Signalsreceived by computer 168 will be received by its software which willrecord the signals, for example, to keep patient records of how controlunit 100 was used (settings, duration, etc.). The software can betailored to individual preferences or to established clinical protocols.However, control unit 100 and probe 50 must be kept electricallyisolated from computer 168, and the computer must not be able tocontrol, program or otherwise affect the performance of the control unitor the probe. Thus, a unidirectional (control unit 100 to computer 168)isolated interface, e.g. optical coupler (represented by the heavydashed line II) is employed should the computer be connected to outputterminal 164.

After a patient has been injected with a radiation emitting substance,for example, a scintillation liquid containing technetium 99, hand-heldprobe 50 is held stationary in position over a radiation detection siteon the patient's body. A count is taken of the scintillation detected atthat site for a given time period. This process is repeated at one ormore different sites, or for different angular positions of the probe onthe same site, and a comparison is made of the counts obtained at eachsite. With switch 72 in a deactivated position, scintillations aredetected or sampled over a series of first count sampling periods. Eachsample period is, for example, preferably of one second duration. Thesignals or pulses transmitted from probe 50 during each one secondperiod cause count accumulator module 158 to accumulate a scintillationcount that is an average of the scintillation pulses over the one secondperiod.

Control unit 100 is set such that activation of switch 72 initiates aten second count sampling period, followed by a three second freezeperiod of the average count taken for the ten second period. During theten second sampling period, module 158 accumulates and averages thescintillation counts taken over the ten second period. The average countis displayed on display 160 for the three second freeze period. Duringthe sampling period, a sampling light (not shown) on control unit 100will flash. At the end of the sampling period, the sampling light goesoff and a single audible beep is emitted. If, during the three secondfreeze period, switch 74 is activated by the operator, the frozen countis downloaded from module 158 to output terminal 164 which sends thefrozen count to a utilization device.

When switch 74 is activated during the three second period, two audiblebeeps are emitted. If switch 74 is not activated during the freezeperiod, no downloading of the frozen count occurs. Switch 74 can beactivated during or at the end of any one second count sampling periodor, as stated above, during the three second freeze period. Thus,activation of switch 74 downloads the ten second count value to outputterminal 164, and an audible signal indicates that the download hasoccurred. If switch 74 is not activated during the three second freezeperiod, module 158 returns to its normal mode of accumulating andaveraging sampled counts per second and displaying the counts per secondon display 160.

Control unit 100 is powered by a removable, rechargeable battery. Thepreferred battery is a lead-acid rechargeable battery capable of fourhours of continuous operation. When a predetermined set period of timeof power battery life remains, such as, for example, fifteen minutes, awarning indicator, such as a light, will flash or indicate thecommencement of that set period.

Accordingly, the user can simply insert a second battery in the controlunit 100 to operate the control unit, and the first battery can simplybe recharged when desired.

As shown in FIG. 2, switch assembly 70 is removably mounted on handle 54of probe 50. Switch assembly 70 preferably has two finger-operated pushbutton switches 72, 74.

Referring to FIG. 3, probe 50 may have a removable protective cover 60placed thereover. The protective cover 60 preferably is a sheath thatsubstantially fully encompasses probe 50 to protect it from being soiledor contaminated during storage and use. Sheath 60 permits probe 50 to bere-used without prior sterilization. Sheath 60 has a closed end 62 thatcovers detector 52, and an opposite open end 64 that can be at anydesired location beyond handle 54. Preferably, sheath 60 is long enoughto the entire length of cable 12, as shown in FIG. 2.

Sheath 60 can have any suitable size, shape and configuration. Thus, itcan fit loosely, tightly or form-fitted or even shrunk onto probe 50. Asshown in FIG. 4, sheath 60 preferably fits sufficiently tightly ontoprobe 50, especially about detector 52, to minimize interference withits function. Sheath 60 preferably also fits tightly about the portionof handle 54 onto which switch assembly 70 is to be mounted, to enablethe switch assembly to remain tightly and securely mounted onto thehandle. Sheath 60 can be made of any suitable material or materials, andcan be single or multiple layered. Preferably, sheath 60 is made from aflexible film or sheet. The preferred material for sheath 60 is a singlelayer of polyurethane.

Although sheath 60 is the preferred cover, any suitable cover can beemployed that permits switch assembly 70 to be effectively mounted ontoprobe 50. The sheath 60 is removable and preferably disposable andeasily replaceable. Thus, as shown in FIG. 5, a drape 66 of flexiblefilm can be placed over and secured to probe 50. As shown in FIG. 5, acontinuous portion of drape 66 can be placed over detector 52, tiedaround shaft 56 by a tie 68, and gathered and secured about handle 54 orabout cable 12 (not shown) by any suitable member, such as by a clip 69.Switch assembly 70 (dashed line) can be mounted on probe 50 awhile theswitch assembly is covered by drape 66.

Referring to FIG. 6, switch assembly 70 preferably has a saddle 76formed by a curved undersurface 78 and a pair of spaced opposedcooperative depending gripping members 80 that are adapted to releasablygrip probe 50 (not shown) between them. Gripping members 80 arearcuately shaped and sized to fit tightly about handle 54 of probe 50.Gripping members 80 are rigid enough to hold probe 50 between them, butresilient enough to allow the switch assembly 70 to be removed from theprobe.

As shown in FIG. 7, the preferred switch assembly 70 also has a cover82, button switches 72, 74, a carrier in the form of a mounting member84 having saddle 76, a recessed panel 86, and an insulating member 88that fits into recessed panel 86 and insulates the switches and anyelectrical wiring and connections (not shown) from probe 50 (not shown).In a preferred embodiment, there are two switches 72, 74. However, it ispossible that these switches may be combined into a single switch orthat a third or more switches may be added to control remotely otherfunctions of control unit 100.

Referring to FIG. 8, housing 212 of control unit 100 has a power button102, a plurality of holes 104, preferably three, for operativelyreceiving a three prong plug of cable 12, a receiver 106 for operativelyreceiving a plug connected to probe 50, and a digital display 130.Housing 212 also has a button 108, which is preferably a push button,that initiates the ten second count time period, a light 110 that lightsduring the ten second period, a calibration indicator 112, and a batterycharge indicator light 114. Housing 212 also has a volume control knob116, a plurality of volume indicators 118, preferably light indicators,a knob to deactivate an internal threshold and window pre-set fortechnetium 99 to permit setting a wider window, a light indicator 122for the internal threshold, and an audio range knob 124 to change theaudio range from among the three values indicated by lights 126, 128 and130. Referring to FIGS. 6 and 8, when switch 72 of switch assembly 70 isactivated, button 108 is activated and, thus, light 110 is activated.When switch 74 is activated to download or record a count, an audiblesignal is provided.

FIGS. 9 and 10 show a movable stand 200 suitable for use with radiationdetection apparatus 10 of the present invention. Stand 200 has an uppervertical shaft 202 telescopically seated with a lower vertical shaft204. Shaft 204 is mounted at its bottom end onto the hub of a pluralityof radially outwardly extending legs 206 supported on rotatable wheels208. Shaft 202 is held at a desired height by an adjustable restrainer205 on the top end of shaft 204. The upper end of shaft 202 has anadjustable fastener 210 mounted thereon. Fastener 210 has a horizontalshaft (not shown) onto which the lower end 211 of a bracket 214 isrotatably mounted. A housing 212 of control unit 100 is secured tobracket 214. Bracket 214 and housing 212 can be tilted up and down to adesired angle about the shaft of fastener 210 and held at the desiredangle by tightening threaded bolt 215.

Lower shaft 204 preferably has a pair of holders 220 mounted thereon.Each holder 220 has a pair of spaced, vertically disposed opposedholding members 222 adapted, e.g. shaped, to receive and releasably holdprobe 50. Each holder 220 is positioned within a protective box 224having a cover 226. Lower shaft 204 preferably has a support 228 forsupporting cable 12 for probe 50. Onto the rear of lower shaft 204,there is preferably fixedly mounted the lower end of an elongatedbracket 230. Bracket 230 has a platform 232 welded or otherwise fixedthereto. Platform 232 preferably is for supporting an auxiliarycomponent such as a computer (not shown). The side of housing 212 has anangularly disposed rectangular cavity at 234 for holding and accessingthe replaceable rechargeable battery (not shown) to supply power tocontrol unit 100.

The present invention having been thus described with particularreference to the preferred forms thereof, it will be obvious thatvarious changes and modifications may be made therein without departingfrom the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined in theappended claims.

1. A radiation detection apparatus comprising: a hand-held probe havinga scintillation detector; a counter operably connected to said hand-heldprobe for counting first and second scintillation count values; acontrol device for outputting at least one of the scintillation countvalues to a utilization device; a display operably connected to saidcounter for displaying at least one of the scintillation count values;and a switch assembly adapted to be removably mounted to said hand-heldprobe and including first and second switches, said first switch in afirst state remotely causing said counter to accumulate said firstscintillation count value and in a second state remotely causing saidcounter to accumulate said second scintillation count value, said secondswitch in a first state remotely causing said first scintillation countvalue to be communicated to said utilization device and in a secondstate remotely causing said second scintillation count value to becommunicated to said display.
 2. The radiation detection apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein said first scintillation count value is accumulatedover a first time period.
 3. The radiation detection apparatus of claim2, wherein said second scintillation count value is accumulated over asecond time period.
 4. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 3,wherein said first time period is greater than said second time period.5. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said switchassembly further includes a carrier formed from a mounting member havinga saddle, said saddle including a pair of cooperative depending grippingmembers adapted for releasably mounting said switch assembly to saidhand-held probe.
 6. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 1,wherein said display displays said first scintillation count value for apreset time period.
 7. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 6,wherein said second switch is in said first state during said presettime period and causes said control device to output said firstscintillation count value accumulated during a second time period fromsaid counter.
 8. The radiation detection apparatus of claim 6, whereinsaid preset time period is about three seconds.
 9. The radiationdetection apparatus of claim 1, wherein said control device downloads tosaid utilization device through an electrically isolating interface thatprecludes reverse signal transfer from said utilization device.